Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Siberian Apricot Populations in the Yan Mountains | 燕山山脉西伯利亚杏的遗传多样性和遗传结构

صينى. 以西伯利亚杏分布的核心区域燕山山脉地区的17个群体为材料,利用9对微卫星标记进行遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析。在533个个体扩增得到203个等位基因,每位点平均等位基因数为22.556个。分析表明燕山山脉西伯利亚杏群体具有较高的遗传多样性,每位点平均有效等位基因数（Ne）为5.714,多态位点百分率（P）为100%,期望杂合度（He）为0.788。根据有效等位基因数（Ne）、期望杂合度（He）和Shannon信息指数（I）3个遗传多样性参数,遗传多样性最高的群体为北京八达岭,其次为平泉榆树林子,而最低的群体为崇礼驿马图。群体间总的遗传分化系数FST为0.065,总的基因流Nm为3.836。分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果显示燕山山脉地区西伯利亚杏群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内（95.62%）。Mantel检验发现遗传距离与地理距离呈显著相关性（r=0.5894,P〈0.0001）。UPGMA聚类结果显示,地理距离接近的群体聚在一起,进一步验证了Mantel检验结果。基于上述分析结果,提出西伯利亚杏的种质收集策略。研究结果为西伯利亚杏可持续利用与保护提供一定的理论依据

إنجليزي. Siberian apricot （Prunus sibirica）, an important ecological and economic tree species endemic to Asia, is widely distributed in the mountain area of North and Northeast of China. To evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation, 17 populations of Siberian apricot sampled in the core distribution area of the Yan Mountains were investigated by using nine microsatellite markers. A total of 203 alleles were identified in 533 individuals, with a mean of 22. 556 alleles per locus. Effective number of alleles per locus （No） was 5. 714, percentage of polymorphism loci （PPL） was 100% , the mean expected heterozygosity （H~） was 0. 788, suggesting a high genetic diversity in the natural populations of Siberian apricot. The highest genetic diversity was found in Badaling population, the second was Yushulinzi population, while the lowest was found in Yimatu population. The population genetic differentiation （FST） was 0. 065 and gene flow （Nm ） was 3. 836. AMOVA analysis showed that genetic variation within the populations accounted for 95.62% of the total. Mantel test revealed that genetic distance were positively correlated（r = 0. 589 4 ,P 〈 0. 000 1 ）with geographic distance. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that neighboring populations clustered into the same clade, which was consistent with results of Mantel test. Based on the present results, sampling strategy of Siberian apricot for further investigation was suggested. The present study provided a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of Siberian apricot.