The behavior of some winter barley varieties in the climatic conditions of the Central Moldavian Plateau

إنجليزي. This paper presents the environmental testing research results of seven romanian varieties of winter barley, experienced on Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) of Secuieni, Neamt county, Romania, during 2007 _ 2010. By this was followed the zoning of the most adjusted and efficient genotypes, increasing their biodiversity so that to reduce the genetic and ecological vulnerability of the agroecosystems. In the last three years (2007 _ 2010) was revealed the tendency of large fluctuations occurrence, both in terms of rainfall and temperature, from a normal crop year (2007 _ 2008) in a dry year (2008 _ 2009) and a rainy year (2009 2010). In the crop year 2009 _ 2010, because of spring weather conditions that favored the installation of pathogen agents (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, Pyrenophora graminea, Pyrenophora teres, Puccinia hordei), but especially of the rainfall fallen in the last decade of June, which negatively influenced the evolution of the barley crop and contributed to the quantity (by shaking the beans in the ear) and quality deteriorating of barley production, the winter barley yields were very small. On average over the three years of experimentation, the barley yields achieved ranged between 5232 kg/ha (Dana variety) and 6048 kg/ha (Sistem variety). Depending on the average production achieved during the three years of experimentation, top three ranked varieties are Sistem (6048 kg/ha), Andreea (5902 kg/ha) and Madalin FD (5441 kg/ha). Regarding the resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, it has varied from year to year depending on variety. The romanian varieties were characterized by good resistance to lodging and brown rust.

روماني؛ المولدافية. مولدوفا. Lucrarea de fata prezinta rezultatele cercetarilor de testare ecologica a unui numar de sapte soiuri romanesti de orz de toamna, experimentate la S.C.D.A. Secuieni Neamt, in perioada 2007-2010. Prin aceasta s-a urmarit zonarea celor mai adaptate si performante genotipuri, cresterea biodiversitatii lor, in asa fel incat sa se diminueze vulnerabilitatea genetica si ecologica a agroecosistemelor. In ultimii trei ani (2007-2010), s-a evidentiat tendinta aparitiei fluctuatiilor foarte mari ale precipitatiilor si ale temperaturilor, de la un an agricol normal (2007-2008) la un an secetos (2008-2009) si la unul ploios (2009-2010). In anul agricol 2009-2010, datorita conditiilor climatice din primavara, care au favorizat instalarea agentilor patogeni (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, Pyrenophora graminea, Pyrenophora teres, Puccinia hordei), dar mai ales a precipitatiilor cazute in ultima decada a lunii iunie, care au influentat negativ evolutia culturilor de orz si au contribuit la deprecierea cantitativa (prin scuturarea boabelor din spic) si calitativa a productiei de orz, productiile realizate la orzul de toamna au fost foarte mici. In medie pe cei trei ani de experimentare, productiile de orz realizate au variat intre 5232 kg/ha (soiul Dana) si 6048 kg/ha (soiul Sistem). In functie de productia medie realizata, pe primele trei locuri s-au situat soiurile Sistem (6048 kg/ha), Andreea (5902 kg/ha) si Madalin FD (5441 kg/ha). Rezistenta la factorii de stres abiotic si biotic a variat de la an la an si in functie de soi. Soiurile romanesti s-au caracterizat prin rezistenta buna la cadere si rugina bruna.