Yersinia enterocolitica in food hygiene | Yersinia enterocolitica pārtikas higiēnā
2012
Terentjeva, M., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Inst. of Food and Environmental Hygiene
Yersinia enterocolitica is a significant foodborne pathogen, which may cause yersiniosis in humans. Pathogen is causing gastrointestinal symptoms as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. Extraintestinal sequelas as reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome may occur. Yersiniosis is the third most common zoonotic bacterial disease in the European Union. Disease more often occurs sporadically and foodborne outbreaks are rarely reported. Yersiniosis cases are reported in Latvia with incidence 1 to 2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants during 2007 - 2011. Y. enterocolitica is very heterogeneous and divided in various bioserotypes, but only few of them are human pathogenic (1/O:8, 2/O:9, 2/O:5,27 and 4/O:3). The main reservoir of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 are farm pigs, which asymptomatically are carrying pathogen in lymphatic tissues. Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 was found in fattening pig tonsils at slaughter in Northern Europe, Germany and Latvia also. Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 may spread onto pig by-products and carcasses at slaughter due to cross-contamination from Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3- positive tonsils. Separation of pig heads with tongue and tonsils from carcass as well as an enclosure of rectum during removal of gastrointestinal tract at evisceration are efficient measures to prevent contamination of pork with Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3. Pork, especially edible by-products, was found to be contaminated at retail with Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 representing public health concerns. Special measures to control occurrence of pathogenic yersiniae in food chain should be implemented.
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