Effect of plant spacing and seasonality on growth and seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
2005
Mohamed, I.E., University of Gezira, Wad Medani (Sudan) , Faculty of Agricultural Sciences | El Khalifa, G.A., Ministry of Agriculture, Sennar State (Sudan) | Khier, I.A.M., University of Sennar, Sennar State (Sudan) , Faculty of Agriculture, Abu Naama | Gangi, A.S., University of Gezira, Wad Medani (Sudan) , Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
Field experiments were carried out during summer (2002) and winter (2002/03) seasons at the Arab Sudanese Seed company, Sennar Station, Sennar, Sudan, to examine the effect of four plant spacing and seasonal¬ity on growth and seed yield of sunflower. Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Two sunflower cultivars, Hysun33 and Damazinl were used. There were significant differences (P 0.01) between the two cultivars in leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, and percentage of empty seeds. Hysun33 exceeded Damazin1 in all measured parameters except that Damazin had taller plants and higher percentage of empty seeds and was late to flower than Hysun33. The two cultivars, however, were not significantly different in number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, and time to maturity and final seed yield. Wider spacing (20 cm) between plants significantly increased stem thickness, leaf area and LAI, days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, number of seeds per head and 1000-seed weight and it significantly reduced percentage of empty seeds in both seasons. Final seed yield of the two cultivars was not affected by intra-row spacing. The highest seed yield (3.9 t/ha) was obtained by Hysun33, when 15 cm spacing between plants was practiced. Seasonality had no significant effect on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, head diameter and percentage of empty seeds. However, winter plants were taller and stems were thicker compared with the summer ones. Final seed yield of both cultivars was higher in the winter than in the summer due to the production of larger LAI, heavier and greater number of seeds per head during the winter season
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