INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND FECUNDITY OF Drosophila Melanoagester REARING IN LABORATORY EXERTING BY TWO SPECIES OF MITES | 两种螨类对实验室饲养果蝇生长与繁殖的影响

صينى. 实验室薄口螨（Histiostoma laboratorium Hughes）和椭圆食粉螨（Aleuroglyphus ouatus Troupeau,1878）是能够寄生于果蝇的两种螨类。为了了解它们对果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）生长和繁殖的影响,在用玉米粉培养基对两种螨类及果蝇进行单独培养的基础上,将两种螨类分别接种到果蝇生长旺盛的培养管中,用实体显微镜观察了两种螨类对果蝇生长及繁殖状况的影响,同时对接螨后受影响的果蝇子代数量进行了数据统计,以了解对子代果蝇成活率的影响。结果表明,两种螨类对于果蝇的生长有显著的影响,能明显降低果蝇的生活力和繁殖力。实验室薄口螨的休眠体和其它阶段的螨体对果蝇的影响方式不同,休眠体可以吸附到果蝇体表的各处从而进行广泛的传播,因而对于果蝇的影响最为严重。椭圆食粉螨不具有休眠体阶段,但与实验室薄口螨相比较,繁殖速度更快,产生的子代数量更多,其螨体和排泄废物严重地危害了果蝇的生活环境,造成果蝇的卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的生存率极度下降。因此,当果蝇培养基中有以上两种螨类孳生以后,必须及时地进行品种分离和消毒灭菌,以确保果蝇品系不被螨类所污染和品种的繁衍与保存。

إنجليزي. Histiostoma laboratorium Hughes and Aleuroglyphus ouatus Troupeau, 1878 are two kinds of mites to be parasitic on Dro- sophila melanogaster. Their influence on growth and reproduction conditions of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated with dissecting microscope when they were cultured in flat tube where Drosophila melanogaste individuals were growing well on the basis of their and Drosophila melanogaster＇s being cultured on the corn powder medium individually. At the same time, Analyzed Drosophila melano- gaster, progeny number data after mite affected in order to understand the effect on offspringsurvival rate of Drosophila melanogaster. The result showed that influence on Drosophila melanogaster growth producing by these mites is obvious. They could reduce Drosophila melanogaster life force and fecundity obviously. Histiostoma laboratorium Hughes hypopus influence form on Drosophila melanogaster is different from other stages of the mite and is the most strongly because hypopus can be adsorbed onto the surface everywhere of Drosoph- ila melanogaster to widely spread. Although Aleuroglyphus ouatus Troupean, 1878 has no hypopus stage they seriously harm Drosophila melanogaster living environment and result in Drosophila egg, larva, pupa and adult survival rate was decreased because of their faster propagation speed and generation number than Histiostoma laboratorium Hughes. Therefore, species separation and culture tube disin- fection must be done timely to ensure that the Drosophila melanogaster and their varieties could breed and be saved of mites pollution when two species of mites are breeding on Drosophila melanogaster medium.