Precise calculation system of total mix ration for lactating cow | 泌乳奶牛全混合日粮精准计算系统

صينى. [目的]满足泌乳奶牛日粮营养需要的精确预测和饲料配方的优化计算，探索奶牛日粮设计的内在规律。[方法]基于美国康奈尔大学提出的净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系（cornell net carbohydrate and protein system，CNCPS） ，集成 NRC（2001）推荐的奶牛主要养分需要的动态预测模型，结合《中国饲料数据库》积累的奶牛常用饲料的CNCPS参数数据，采用FOXPRO数据库技术和参数线性规划的优化技术，研究开发针对荷斯坦泌乳奶牛日营养需要的计算和全混合日粮（total mixture ration，TMR）配方优化系统。[结果]本系统优化日粮全面考虑了精饲料与粗饲料的平衡，日粮瘤胃降解蛋白与过瘤胃蛋白的平衡，粗蛋白与泌乳净能的平衡，纤维性物质（中性洗涤纤维，neutral detergent fiber，NDF 和酸性洗涤纤维，acid detergent fiber，ADF）与非纤维性性碳水化合物（non-fiber carbohydrates，NFC）的平衡、钙磷平衡、电解质平衡及微量元素的平衡，并通过模型可计算得到进入小肠的各种性质的氨基酸流量。[结论]利用动态模型及计算机编程技术，可以实现奶牛日粮内在养分的相互协同与制约的精准优化设计。

إنجليزي. [Objective] The paper was to precisely predict nutrient requirements and optimize ration formula, and explore the inherent feature of ration optimization of dairy cow. [Method] Based on cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS) with integrating dynamic prediction models on main nutrient requirements of dairy cattle recommended by NRC (2001) and the CNCPS parameter database accumulated by Chinese feed database, the ration nutrient requirement dynamic calculation and total mixed ration (TMR) formula optimizing system for Holstein dairy cow was developed using FOXPRO database system and parametric linear programming algorithm. [Result] By optimizing a specific cow ration and analyzing its completed nutrients, the results showed that this system could entirely consider a lots of nutrient balances, such as concentrate fraction and forage fraction balance, rumen degradable protein and rumen undergradable protein balance, crude protein and lactation net energy balance, fibrous substances (ADF, NDF) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) balance, calcium and phosphate balance, electrolytes balance and trace element balance etc., and could also calculate intestinal amino acid flow in terms of different models. [Conclusion] By using dynamic mathematical equations and computerized program, it can be realized for the ration formula design of lactating cow with all-round interoperable but mutual-constraining each other among ration nutrients.