Sustaining Gains in Poverty Reduction and Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa

aging cash transfers child health commercial banks decision making development indicators economic activities economic development economic growth economic shock education extreme poverty families growth rate health health services household income household surveys households human capital income insurance laws living standards malnutrition middle east north africa pensions poverty reduction primary education public expenditure public health public sector public works refugees rural areas rural poor sanitation social protection social safety nets social services social welfare targeting trade liberalization unemployment unemployment insurance urban poverty water supply workers