Research on the relationship between grain yield and maize head smut resistance | 玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性及其与产量的关系

صينى. 选用国内外对丝黑穗病抗性不同的15份自交系及其组配的56份杂交组合作为供试材料，进行了丝黑穗病的人工接种鉴定与配合力分析。结果表明：表现抗病的自交系材料有10份，占总鉴定自交系材料的66.6%，其中表现抗病的有F349和Mo17，表现中抗的有6WC、5918、J1782、4CV、丹8415、东D202、丹黄34、中106；杂交组合抗病类型有39份，占总杂交组合的69.64%。对其配合力进行分析，发现在有无接丝黑穗病菌条件下，组合6WC×东D202、6WC×丹8415小区产量较高，其亲本的一般配合力也较高，并且这些组合及其亲本的抗性均达到抗病或中抗水平，所以在抗玉米丝黑穗的育种中既要重视玉米抗病等级的鉴定，也要加强其配合力的分析和产量的测定。

إنجليزي. Using different domestic and international maize head smut-resistant groups, including 15 inbred lines and 56 combinations, as test materials, artificial inoculation identification of head smut was performed and its combining ability was analyzed. The results show that there were 10 resistant inbred materials, accounting for 66.6% of the total number of materials. The high-resistant materials were F349 and Mo17; the medium-resistant materials were 6WC, 5918, J1782, 4CV, Dan 8415, Dong D202, Dan Huang 34 and Zhong 106, 8 materials in total. Disease-resistant combinations were 39, accounting for 69.64% of the total combinations. Through the combining ability analysis, the study reveals that the combinations of 6WC × Dong D202 and 6WC × Dan8415 were of high yield with or without vaccinated silk black spike. The parents’ combining ability was also high, and the resistance of the combinations and their parents reached the level of disease-resistance or medium-resistance. In conclusion, maize head smut-resistant breeding should not only focus on the resistance level of identification, but also on the analysis of combining ability and yield determination.