Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Nitroxoline in Chicken Using HPLC-PDA

BACKGROUND: The increase of animal protein consumption per capita has led to the increase of using antimicrobial which are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes as well as for improving breeding efficiency. Exposure to antimicrobials in animal farming products and fishery products can contribute to side effects such as increasing the occurrence of pathogens with antibiotic-resistance. Nitroxoline is an antibiotic. It was recently discovered that nitroxoline has antiangiogenic properties, which could make it useful as an anti-cancer drug. And it is used as the antiseptics and deodorants agent in the cosmetics or tabacco. In addition, nitroxoline is active against susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative organisms commonly found in urinary tract infections. Also, the fungistatic activity of nitroxoline is greater against Candida albicans and mainly, it is used for the treatment of the second bacterial infection by thecolibacillosis, salmonellosis and viral disease of the poultry. When the nitroxoline is indiscreetly used, the problem about the abuse of the antibiotic can arise. However, the MRL (maximun residue limit) and analytical method about the registered veterinary durgs is not reported and it is required. Accordingly, the residues analytical method and MRL of the nitroxoline is certainly required in foods. Therefore, in this study prepared the residues analytical method and MRL of the veterinary drugs and was good use of the safety management and management reference. METHODS AND RESULTS: A simple, sensitive and specific method for nitroxoline in chicken muscle by high performance liquid chromatographic with PDA was developed. Sample extraction with acetonitrile, purification with SPE cartridge (MCX) were applied, then quantitation by HPLC with C18 column under the gradient condition with 0.1 % tetrabutylammonium hydroxide - phosphoric acid and methanol was performed. Standard calibration curve presented linearity with the correlation coefficient (r2) 0.999, analysed from 0.02 to 0.5 mg/L concentration. Limit of quantitation in chicken muscle showed 0.02 mg/kg, and average recoveries ranged from 72.9 to 88.1 % in chicken muscle. The repeatability of measurements expressed as coefficient of variation (CV %) was less than 12 % in 0.02 to 0.04 mg/kg. CONCLUSION(S): Newly developed method for nitroxoline in chicken muscle was applicable to food inspection with the acceptable level of sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility.