Maize (Zea mays L.) leaf diseases in Latvia
2015
Gulbis, K., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Inst. of Soil and Plant Sciences | Bankina, B., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Inst. of Soil and Plant Sciences
Maize has important role in agriculture of Latvia. Area planted with maize has increased rapidly from 5.1 thousand ha in 2008 to 20.6 thousand ha in 2012. Maize in Latvia is mostly used as forage (silage) and as raw material for biogas production. Some farmers in despite of temperate climate harvested maize for grain. In regions where moderate temperatures and relatively high humidity during growing season are typical the most important leaf disease is Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB). The same weather conditions favour the development of Northern Corn Leaf Spot (NCLS). In previous studies on maize leaf diseases it has been found that NCLB is present in Latvia and if the conditions are favourable for disease the use of fungicides can significantly reduce symptoms of disease and increase the yield and quality of production. (Treikale, Vilcans, Javoisha, 2012; Treikale et. al., 2014). NCLB is caused by Exserohilum turcicum Leonard and Suggs (Helminthosporium turcicum Pass.), which is the teleomorph of Setosphaeria turcica (Lutterell) Leonard and Suggs. Favourable conditions for NCLB development are temperatures between 20 and 25°C, relative humidity from 90 to 100% and low luminosity. NCLB can cause serious yield losses up to 50%. However in studies which confirms such a serious yield reductions artificial inoculation has been used. The aim of study was to evaluate NCLB incidence and severity in different maize hybrid performance comparison trial in Research and Study farm “Vecauce” (latitude: N 56°28′, longitude: E 22°53′) of Latvia University of Agriculture.
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