Allelic composition analysis of dwarfing genes in hexaploid triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack)

إنجليزي. Triticale appears one of the most important cereal crops able to adapt to stress conditions and to output high yields on pure acidic soils. Triticale represents the grain crop convenient for resource saving agriculture due to high level of disease resistance and ability of consumption of nutritive substances from low-nutritional medium. The most important shortcoming of triticale selection appears lodging of the plants. Selection of short-stature (dwarf) varieties of triticale appears a serious scientific problem. The main goal of the research appears screening of genetic pool of the varieties, hybrids and recombinant forms of hexaploid triticale from the collections of the scientific institutions of the Republic of Belarus and Kazakhstan according to the allelic composition of the three dwarfing genes Rht-B1, Rht-D1 and Rhy8, used for selection to lodging resistance. The article presents the results of molecular and cytogenetic analysis of genomic structure and molecular analysis of allelic composition of dwarfing genes Rht-B1, Rht-D1 and Rhy8 in 6 varieties and 20 selection forms of hexaploid triticale from scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and KazSRI for Arable farming and Plant growing (Kazakhstan) collections, and 8 recombinant forms of hexaploid triticale created in Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The analysis carried out in the course of the research has shown that use of DNA-markers for the testing of wheat-and-rye hybrids on the lodging resistance appears an effective measure used for the selection of perspective planting materials. Suggested preventive analysis of the genomic structure with the help of chromosome banding methods allows using the primers for gene identification and optimizing expensive molecular-genetic analysis.

الروسية. Определена геномная структура и проведен анализ аллельного состава генов короткостебельности Rht-Bl, Rht-Dl и Rht8 у 6 сортов и 20 сортообразцов гексаплоидных тритикале из коллекций НПЦ НАН Беларуси по земледелию и КазНИИ земледелия и растениеводства (Казахстан), а также 8 рекомбинантных форм гексаплоидных тритикале, созданных в Институте генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси. Показана эффективность использования ДНК-маркеров к генам короткостебельности пшеницы для тестирования тритикале с целью отбора перспективного селекционного материала при создании устойчивых к полеганию сортов.