Molecular and genetic analysis of allelic composition of plant breeding valuable genes of triticale remote hybrids

الروسية. У 65 индивидуальных растений отдаленных гибридов ярового тритикале с пшеницей четырех комбинаций скрещиваний поколений F4–F5 установлен аллельный состав генов запасных белков зерна (Glu-1), генов карликовости (Rht), а также генов, контролирующих реакцию на яровизацию (Vrn). Выявлено, что гены Dx5 и Dy10 локуса Glu-D1 пшеницы совместно передаются отдаленным гибридам тритикале. Выделено 11 линий комбинации скрещивания Узор ç Ростань, которые характеризуются оптимальным составом всех изученных селекционно ценных генов: Glu-А1b Glu-B1b Glu-D1d по локусу Glu-1, Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1а по локусу Vrn-1 и Rht-B1b по локусу Rht.

إنجليزي. Within the period of 1990-2015 triticale has become one of the most important cereal and feed crops in the Republic of Belarus. Cropping areas under this cultivar occupies 450-500 thousand hectares. Future progress in selection of triticale supposes creation of the varieties characterized with high grain quality and high resistance to abiotic and biotic injuring factors.The main goal of the presented research is molecular and genetic analysis of distant hybrids of spring triticale according to valuable triticum genes for the selection of valuable varieties. It’s established that 65 separate plants of remote hybrids of spring triticale with wheat of four crossings of generation F4–F5 have allelic composition of genes of grain proteins(Glu-1), dwarfing genes (Rht) and genes controlling vernalization reaction. It’s determined that genes Dx5 and Dy10 of locus Glu-D1 of wheat are transferred to remote hybrids of triticale. Identified are 11 lines of crossing Uzor ç Rostan which are characterized by the optimal composition of all the studied plant breeding valuable genes: Glu-А1b Glu-B1b Glu-D1d on locus Glu-1, Vrn-A1a Vrn-Blа on locus Vrn-1 and Rht-B1b on locus Rht.