Weed control with methyl bromide alternatives.
2006
Hanson, B. D. | Shrestha, A.
Methyl bromide (MeBr) has been used for several decades for preplant (PRE) soil fumigation in high-value agricultural and horticultural crops because it can provide broad-spectrum control of insects, nematodes, pathogens, and weeds. However, MeBr has been identified as an ozone-depleting chemical and is associated with hazards to human heath, plants, and animals. Therefore, a global agreement to gradually phase-out ozone depleting chemicals was made with the signing of the 'Montreal Protocol' in 1987 and research for effective and sustainable alternatives to MeBr has been a priority since 1995. Several alternative fumigants and non-chemical alternatives for weed control have been tested. In many agricultural systems the phase-out of MeBr presents a critical challenge because alternative pest control measures are ineffective, costly, or pose hazards to the environment and human health. In this paper, we review the status of MeBr alternatives with a focus on weed control in high-value cropping systems. It is concluded that no currently available alternative chemical or management practice has the same broad-spectrum efficacy and consistency as MeBr. Because the development of a single alternative to MeBr is unlikely, weed control in many high-value fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops will become an even greater challenge in the absence of MeBr. Development of crop- and region-specific integrated pest management systems that include appropriate fumigants, herbicides and cultural practices will be necessary to maintain productivity at levels and prices that meet current grower and consumer expectations.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]الكلمات المفتاحية الخاصة بالمكنز الزراعي (أجروفوك)
المعلومات البيبليوغرافية
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