Retrospective studies of abattoir zoonoses in Nigeria: public health implications.
2017
Fasanmi, O. G. | Ayodeji, I. O. | Oloso, N. O. | Fasina, F. O.
Abattoirs are major sources of valuable information for animal disease outbreaks, but also an environment for transmission of meat-borne zoonoses, which may constitute a major threat to public health and food safety. This study aims to identify common abattoir zoonoses, the geographic distribution and the risk factors predisposing to their spread across Nigeria; and also to evaluate the prevalence estimates of abattoir zoonoses in human and slaughter animals. A systematic search of regional databases based on set criteria, yielded 47 relevant articles scrutinized critically to find the best available evidences to support the study purpose. All the publications which cut across the six geo-political regions of Nigeria carried out confirmatory diagnosis of the causative organisms. The results yielded 11 human and 53 slaughter animal causal organisms of abattoir zoonoses and obligate pathogens of human infections. They constitute bacterial (68.2%), helminths (21.2%), viral (6%) and protozoan (4.6%) due to infection or contamination. There was an increasing trend in occurrence of abattoir zoonoses as the year of studies progressed; also there were corresponding increase in human cases of abattoir zoonoses as the occurrence in slaughter animals' increased from 2001 to 2016. Some risk factors identified for the human abattoir zoonoses include; butchers with open wounds, occupational exposure of greater than 5 years and consumption of raw meat. Abattoir workers are at higher risk of being exposed to abattoir zoonoses due to occupational hazards; also consumer's choice of meat is significantly associated with the type of meat. Abattoir zoonoses exist in Nigeria, but the occurrence, spread and prevalence can be mitigated through proper meat inspection, improved hygiene and creating greater awareness of risks and avoidance.
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