Food-associated megaesophagus/polyneuropathy outbreak in Latvian dogs: results of toxicological investigation | Ar barību saistītais suņu megaesophagus/polineiropātijas uzliesmojums Latvijā: toksikoloģiskās izmeklēšanas rezultāti
2017
Matise-VanHoutan, I., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine;Matīses Veterinārās patoloģijas serviss, IK, Alejas, Kekava parish, Kekava Municipality (Latvia) | Piginka-Vjaceslavova, I., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine;Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga (Latvia) | Stankevica, D., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Lusis, I., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Drevinska, K., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Ozols, A., Sensovet, SIA, Jelgava (Latvia) | Konopore, L., Hīrons, SIA, Riga (Latvia) | Matiasek, K., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich (Germany) | Ensley, S., Iowa State Veterinary Diagnostic Lab., CVM, ISU, Ames, Iowa (USA)
In Latvia during 2014-2016 there was sudden increase in number of dogs diagnosed with megaesophagus (ME). Primary lesions were detected in peripheral nerves 52 indicating polyneuropathy (PNP) as underlying disease. Results of epidemiological investigation showed that exposure to brand. A dry dog food was the main risk factor. The objective of this study was to test dogs and food for potential toxins and deficiencies that may cause ME/PNP. Blood, serum and tissues of sick (n=62) and dead dogs (n=33) and dog food (n=63) were tested for heavy metals (thallium), acrylamide, botulism, organophosphates, carbamate, ionophores, and unknown substances. Serum, tissues and/or dog food were tested for trace minerals, vitamin E, essential amino acids and mycotoxins. Despite extensive toxicological screening conclusive toxin has not been found yet. Findings detected outside the normal limits in dogs and/or dog food include: (1) severe cholinesterase inhibition in the brain; (2) several-fold increase in trace mineral levels in food and variable increase in tissue and hair; (3) presence of urea in some food samples; (4) inhibition of cell proliferation in cell culture. Most common toxic causes of ME/PNP, including heavy metals, (thallium), acrylamide, ionophores, botulism, mycotoxins, and main pesticides, were ruled out.
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