Phenotypic diversity of Philippine traditional corn (Zea mays L.) from six regions
2017
Banganan, J.C. | Roxas, G.P. | Huelgas, V.C. | Bon, S.G
Introduced to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, corn has been cultivated across the archipelago under varying climate, agro-ecosystems and culture resulting to the creation of a broad range of diversity in forms and adaptability. Thus, Philippine traditional corn is a vast reserve of valuable genetic variability. As such, its conservation and morphological characterization is essential. A total of 64 Philippine maize accessions were collected from different regions of the country, particularly from regions 2, 4B, 5, 6, 9 and 13. These collections were regenerated on November 2015 at IPB, CAFS, UPLB [Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Arts and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños] and were characterized simultaneously. Assessed with 40 character traits, of which 21 were qualitative and 19 were quantitative traits. The diversity of the population was analyzed using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. Quantitative traits were found to have high diversity indices ranging from 0.67 to 0.88 with the number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, variation index, stem diameter below uppermost ear, and tassel length revealed the highest values at 0.86, 0.86, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.81, respectively. In contrast, diversity of qualitative traits ranged from low to medium of which the shape of upper kernel surface displayed that highest value (0.52). Given the 40 phenotypic traits, the 64 accessions were clustered using R statistical application. With a dissimilarity coefficient of 0.32, the collections were clustered into 4 with cluster 2 having the highest population of 51 out of 64 accessions. Clusters 1, 3, and 4 were composed of 5, 2, and 6 accessions, respectively.
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