VARIETAL PECULIARITIES OF PEA USE OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS OF SOIL AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS

The article presents results of researches on study of influence of fertilizers on dark grey wood medium loam bedrocks in the conditions of the Oryol region on yield and quality of varieties of the peas differing on architectonics of the foliar apparatus (leaflets, leafless and with plant canopy heterofilia - chameleons) and peculiarities of using soil nutrients and mineral fertilizers. It was found that the leafy variety Temp used soil fertility better than others. The introduction of a full mineral fertilizer significantly increased the yield of pea seeds, the increment reached 0,5 tons/ha (24%). Genotypic differences in varieties and lines of pea for fertilizer application have been revealed. Leafless variety Pharao and chameleon variety Spartak appeared to be the most responsive to fertilization. The study of the removal of nutrient elements of the soil showed that peas on an average of the studied varieties carry more potassium out of the soil than nitrogen and phosphorus. There were noticeable varietal differences in all three elements of nutrition. In comparison to other varieties, the leafy variety of pea Temp had a higher removal of these elements. At the same time, as shown by the harvest index of nutrients, this variety is distinguished by a favorable redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus supplied to the plant between grain and straw. The leafless variety of pea Pharaoh is characterized by a favorable translocation of nitrogen and phosphorus introduced into the plant between grain and straw also. In the Pharaoh variety, only 15-21% of the nitrogen supplied to the plant and 16-18% of phosphorus, depending on the options, remained in the straw. The line Yag-07-643 (chameleon) was characterized by a less favorable redistribution of all nutrients that entered the plant. On average, less than half of the potassium that entered the plant was fed into the grain; the rest remained in the straw. The higher potassium harvest index for all varieties of the experiment was displayed by the variety Spartak. The highest rate of NPK for creating a unit of dry matter of the aboveground mass was distinguished by the chameleons. Leafless and leafy varieties used nutrients more sparingly.