Association between endotoxin levels in dust from indoor swine housing environments and the immune responses of pigs
2018
Katharine Roque, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Shin, K.M., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Jo, J.H., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Lim, G.D., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Song, E.S., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Shin, S.J., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Ravi Gautam, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Lee, J.H., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Kim, Y.G., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Cho, A.R., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Kim, C.Y., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.J., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Lee, M.S., National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Republic of Korea | Oh, H.G., National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Republic of Korea | Lee, B.C., National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.H., Dodram Pig Farmer's Cooperative, Veterinary Service Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kim, K.H., Dodram Pig Farmer's Cooperative, Veterinary Service Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Jeong, H.K., Dodram Pig Farmer's Cooperative, Veterinary Service Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.A., The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Heo, Y., Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
Indoor animal husbandry environments are inevitably contaminated with endotoxins. Endotoxin exposure is associated with various inflammatory illnesses in animals. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between the degree of endotoxin exposure and the cellular and humoral immune profiles of fattening pigs. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 47 pigs from ten pig farms in Korea. Whole blood cell counts and plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were determined. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A for 48 h, and cytokines released into culture supernatants were measured. The barns in which the pigs lived were assessed for endotoxin levels in the total and respirable dust by using the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Low and high endotoxin exposures were defined as less than or equal to 30 and greater than 30 EU/m3 , respectively. Compared to pigs with low endotoxin exposure (n = 19), highly exposed pigs (n = 28) had higher circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte (particularly B cells) counts, IgG and IgE levels, interferon-gamma (IFN alpha and interleukin (IL)-4 productions, and lower IgA levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production. The IL-4, IFNγ, and TNFα levels significantly correlated with endotoxin level and/or pig age. Constant exposure of pigs to high levels of airborne endotoxins can lead to aberrant immune profiles.
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