Amino acids content in triticale grain depending on meteorological, agrotechnical and genetic factors
2018
Jaskiewicz, B., Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Inst., Pulawy (Poland) | Szczepanek, M., UTP Univ. of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz (Poland)
The field studies were conducted in the years of 2011 and 2014 at the Experimental Station in Osiny, Poland. Triticale (Triticosecale) is a valuable fodder cereal with a high nutritional value of grains. It can also gain importance as a consumer cereal, providing the body with the necessary amino acids. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of precipitation and temperature conditions in the harvest year, agronomic factors (intensive or integrated type of production) and the percentage of cereals in crop rotation (50, 75 and 100%) on the amino acid content of two winter triticale cultivars (‘Pizarro’ and ‘Pigmej’) as well as to determine the nutritive value of the protein: chemical score (CS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI). Our studies have shown that although the amino acid content of winter triticale is strongly genetically determined, it also depends on weather and agrotechnical factors. Precipitation and temperature factors had the biggest effect on the tyrosine (Tyr) content. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids in triticale grains and EAAI value were higher under intensive technology, with 50% of cereal grains in the crop rotation, and in the traditional cultivar ‘Pizarro’ as compared to the dwarf one ‘Pigmej’. The most important amino acids that limit the quality of protein in the grain are lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp). Using intensive technology, reducing the cereal percentage of cereals in the crop rotation and selecting a proper cultivar, it is possible to maximize the content of the desired essential and non-essential amino acids in the triticale grains, and thereby improve their feed and consumer value.
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