Biohemijska i hemijska karakterizacija ekstrakata bosiljka i uticaj farmaceutsko-tehnološke formulacije na glikemijski, lipidni i oksido-redukcioni status kod oglednih životinja / Biochemical and chemical characterization of basil extracts and influence o

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae and represents one of the most widespread and most commonly cultivated plant worldwide. Its use is widespread due to its rich content and harmonious relationship of vitamins, minerals and various phenolic compounds which are responsible for the antioxidant activity. In recent years, great attention is directed to phenolic phytocomponents as potential promoters of health. The objectives of this study were to test the qualitative and quantitative characteristics, as well as the biochemical activity of basil extracts obtained by various solvents and investigate the impact of pharmaceutical technological formulation of basil extract on glycemic, lipid and oxidation-reduction status of the aqueous extract in the experimental animals. In vitro studies have included 100 extracts obtained by various solvents and degrees of fragmentation. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity was determined by spectrophotometric method. Also, phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) were qualified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vivo testing was performed on 84 laboratory albino Wistar rats. The aqueous extract of basil, a solution of sodium salt of monoketocholic acid, their combinations, as well as an extract in the form of the pharmaceutical technological formulation were administered per os. After seven-day-treatment, the concentrations of glucose were measured in the blood and after sacrificing of animals, the lipid and antioxidative parameters were determined in serum. Ex vivo analysis assessed the effect of the extract of basil on the parameters of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system and the oxidative modification of lipids. The effect of paracetamol on acute liver injury was also monitored. All analyzed basil extracts showed the presence of the large number of phenolic compounds from the class of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Chlorogenic, phydroxybenzoic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, rosmarinic, and cinnamic acid, as well as apigenin, quercetin, naringenin and rutin were detected and quantified. The application of basil extracts and the sodium salt of monoketocholic acid, either alone or in combination, and also in pharmaceutical technological formulation of microvesicles has shown a reduction in damage during oxidative stress, then a significant antidiabetic activity, favorable effect on the lipid profile and protective effect on the liver and kidney function. Based on these results it can be concluded that basil extract contains significant amounts of phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract of basil, alone or in combination with monoketocholic acid, and in the form of the pharmaceutical technological formulations lowers glucose levels in the blood, accelerates the restoration of β cells, has a favorable effect on the lipid status and does not lead to toxic changes in the liver and kidneys in experimental animals.