Pravilna ishrana predškolske i školske dece kao prevencija gojaznosti i njen uticaj na zdravlje / Proper nutrition of preschool childrenas prevention of obesity and its impact on health

Nutrition is a significant factor in the environment, which has an impact on health throughout the life of an individual. Food provides the energy needed for growth, physical activity and other physical functions (eg breathing, body temperature control, mental work, circulation, digestion). By feeding foods substances that build and maintain the body, contribute to the maintenance of physical and mental fitness, and improve resistance to disease.The aim of this paper is the importance of proper nutrition for preschool and school children as a prevention of obesity and its health effects.The study was conducted according to the type of prospective study in preschool children and elementary and secondary school students on the territory of the Pcinja district in urban and rural areas. Reports on the performed systematic examinations of pre-school children, elementary school pupils, grades I, III, V and VII as well as secondary school students in I and III classes were also used.Republic reports on established diseases and conditions of pre-school and school children were usedStatistical analysis was done using standard Data Processing Software - MS Excel. The descriptive statistical method shows the following statistical parameters: number, percentage.After examining obesity in our region, in various areas (areas, larger and smaller towns, villages), data on its high prevalence among pre-school and school children were obtained.It was found that every eleven babies were obese (11.6%), that in children from 6 to 7 years and adolescents of ten were three obese, and among adults, about twenty subjects were seven fat.In school children, there was a slowdown in growth, as well as a high percentage (11-20%) of malnutrition. In recent years, the number of school children who have not reached the desired height for age and the required weight for height has increased. Poor sticking of pupils and bone and joint deformities are described in over 30% of boys and girls.In the school children population, in some environments, over 50% of boys and girls are anemic, with about 20% boys and girls in the college.Interestingly, a high percentage of obesity remains in school-age children, ranging from 11 to 20%. In the population of student youth there is obesity in 19 - 32% of respondents.In our region, there is an increasing problem of hypercholesterolaemia in school children and youth, elevated total cholesterol in 21.7% of young people, elevated triglycerides 20.4%, elevated low-density lipoproteins 44.8% and reduced high density lipoprotein 39.5% boys and girls.Suggested strategies (measures):• Establishment of a national food center.• Forming and implementing food and nutrition policy within which:- to establish an information system on food and nutrition,- implement nutrition improvement programs according to priorities (eg prevention of obesity, hyperlipoproteinemia, anemia, etc.).