CULTIVATION OF SOYBEANS USING AN ORGANIC FERTILIZATION SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION

On typical chernozem in the southwestern part of the Central Black Earth region of Russia, the influence of biological methods of cultivation of soybeans for grain on grain productivity and soil fertility indicators was studied. The biological components of agricultural technology were pig effluents, compost based on chicken manure and organic fertilizer BGK-VN, obtained by composting waste from the animal husbandry industry with subsequent drying and granulation. As an alternative to traditional tillage, the experiment studied the possibility of applying surface loosening to a depth of 10 cm with combined units. The purpose of our research is to scientifically substantiate the possibility of using a biological system of soybean cultivation in the Belgorod region, including the use of an alternative to mineral fertilizers and energy-intensive soil- destroying methods of basic processing. As a result of the research, a positive effect of compost and granular organic fertilizers on the main indicators of the fertility of typical chernozem was found. Under the influence of organic matter, the coefficient of soil structure increased, its aggregate state improved, and agrophysical properties stabilized. A prolonged action of granular fertilizers was also observed, expressed in the gradual release of nitrogen compounds, its mineralization, which favorably affected the growth and development of soybean plants during the period of critical consumption of this element by phenophases. Grain productivity of soybeans, provided that organic fertilizers are used for their surface embedding, also showed a significant increase in soybean yield. Provided that granular fertilizer BGK-VN was applied in doses calculated for the planned harvest, the recorded yield was at a level higher than the regional average and was comparable in absolute terms with intensive soybean cultivation technologies, including energy-intensive soil cultivation and significant doses of mineral fertilizers.