ALGAE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AQUACULTURE
2021
Rudenko R.A. (Don State Agrarian University) | Tkacheva I.V. (Don State Technical University)
Microalgae are a very diverse group of unicellular organisms consisting of protozoan eukaryotes and prokaryoticcyanobacteria or blue-green algae. Microalgae have a unique ecological status; while being almost ubiquitous in euphotic zones,they can occupy extreme habitats, ranging from tropical coral reefs to polar regions, and contribute to half of the photosyntheticactivity of the globe. In addition, they form the basis of the food chain for more than 70% of the world's biomass. Microalgaeare a valuable ecological and biotechnological resource, and the purpose of this review is to study the use of in vitro technologiesfor the conservation and sustainable use of this remarkable group of organisms. The first part of the review assesses theimportance of in vitro methods in the maintenance and preservation of microalgae and describes the central role of culturecollections in applied algae research. The second part examines the application of microalgae technologies in vitro, particularlyin the context of aquaculture and biotechnology. Special attention is paid to the use of economically important algae products,including feed for aquaculture, biomass production for the health sector, green fertilizers, pigments, vitamins, antioxidants andantimicrobial agents. The contribution of microalgae to environmental studies is also evaluated; for example, they play animportant role as indicator organisms in environmental impact assessment. Similarly, special collection strains of microalgae areused to test ecotoxicity.
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