Innovative solutions in crop utilization biofortification as a function of quality food production | Иновативна решења у искоришћавању усева - биофортификација у функцији производње квалитетне хране

The globally present trend of agriculture industrialization, particularly from arising of "green revolution" was characterised with increase of biomass, grain and fruit yields. In parallel, this trend had as a consequence decrease of nutritional quality of agricultural products, reflected through reduced concentration of minerals and vitamins, especially of iron, magnesium and selenium. When high intensity of erosion and depletion of soil ecosystem was taken into account, together with intensive usage of mineral fertilizers, based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, without incorporation of organic fertilizers, soils became exhausted, rapidly losing their fertility. It is important to underline that almost half of soils worldwide is deficient in minerals. In further, through the nutrition cycle, this situation is transmitting to health depletion of humans and animals, towards systemic malnutrition and arising of numerous chronically diseases. To combat present trends, it is necessary to produce agricultural commodities rich in essential nutrients. Various biochemical processes control accumulation of mineral nutrients in plant tissues, particularly in grains, as well as vitamins synthesis. The goal of bio-fortification is increase of concentration of essential minerals and vitamins in edible parts of plants. Thus, growing measures that enhance absorption of minerals and vitamins synthesis, as well as methods of breeding and genetic engineering, having as a target creation of genotypes with desirable traits, could be positively reflect to increase in concentration of minerals and vitamins in edible parts of agricultural plants. Correspondingly to the increase in concentration of essential minerals and vitamins, it is necessary to develop measures that will reduce concentration of anti-nutrients, which diminish absorption of minerals and vitamins from digestive organs, thus obstruct their utilization by animals and humans. The increase of concentration of essential minerals and vitamins, as well as their bio availability and utilization by animal and human organisms is very complex issue, based on the application of various innovative solutions and it should present integral part, i.e. connection between agricultural and medical sciences, aimed to increase quality of agro-ecosystem, agricultural plants, and life, in general.