The Economics of The Most Important Irrigated Strategic Crops Production in Hama Governorate _Al Gab Region_

This study was conducted using a sample of irrigated durum wheat growers and autumn sugar beet growers in Al-Ghab / Syria for the 2017/2018 season. It relied on a specially prepared questioner for a random sample of 280 farmers. The study aimed to estimate the production and cost functions for producing irrigated durum wheat and autumn sugar beet and determining their optimum economic volumes.The results showed that the net return in the study sample amounted to 30.8 SP / kg for wheat production, and 3 SP / kg for the production of beets, while the profit rate reached the average (39.1%) and (15.4%), each of them fluently. On the production level, there was a positive effect of using both irrigation water and phosphorous and nitrogen fertilizers on the production of durum irrigated wheat, which is used in the second stage of the Law of Diminishing Returns. These three factors also positively affected the production of sugar beet, while the amount of herbicides and insecticides affected adversely.In general, the total elasticity of the dependencies of the two production functions indicates that an increase in the amount of those previous influencing inputs by (100%) leads to an increase in the production of wheat and sugar beets by 52% and 85.3% each, respectively, and this reflects in another way the availability of the technical possibility to increase the production of wheat and beets By increasing rates of previous production inputs. Consequently, wheat and sugar beet production in the study sample is carried out in the economic production stage, where the cost elasticity is 0.96 and 0.87 each, respectively, and this indicates that the sample farms are economic scale. However, the low efficiency of using the productive elements resulted in about 70.1% and only 66.6% of the bulk production that maximizes profit for wheat and sugar beet, respectively.As for the long term, the optimum production volume reached 418.5 kg / dunums and 5116.3 kg / dunums for both wheat and sugar beet, respectively, which is 33.2% higher and 15.5% of the actual production amount for each respectively. As for the optimum area in the long term, it reached (25.2) dunums for wheat farms and (16.9) dunums for sugar beet farms, i.e. an increase of (0.3) times and 0.7 times compared to the actual area of wheat and beet farms, respectively.