CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOCAL LANDRACES OF PEAR IN THE GUBA REGION

Guba-Khachmaz region is one of the main horticultural regions of Azerbaijani Republic. Here, a large number of varieties and local landraces, as well as their wild relatives of pome crops are naturally distributed and cultivated on farmsteads. These varieties and forms, which are the living history of the agricultural culture of our people, are productive, high-quality, resistant to diseases and pests, resistant to drought and frost, and their fruits are suitable for long-term storage. The local population receives additional income from these varieties and forms, using them fresh, as well as in the production of various types of behmaz, jams, fruit juices and dried fruits. However, the number of native varieties and forms, which represent a rich genetic fund of the centuries-old creativity of the local population, has been sharply reduced in recent years. For this purpose, in addition to varieties of popular selection of other fruit plants, the collection, reproduction, study, certification, expansion of the collection, their storage from destruction and use in breeding, the study of the genetic diversity of pome crops in the Guba-Khachmaz region in a cultural and natural state is one of the most topical and important problems of our time. When studying the genetic diversity of pear in the Guba-Khachmaz region, forms with positive biological and economic indicators can be used as donors in the selection of new productive and tolerant varieties. Therefore, the collection, study, evaluation, creation of nurseries and collection gardens, reproduction and introduction in farms of samples with valuable economic indicators of the genetic resources of pome crops in the Guba-Khachmaz region is one of the most pressing issues of our modern. The economic and biological indicators of productive pear varieties with large fruits, high palatability, different ripening periods, relatively resistant to various biotic and abiotic stress factors and various purposes are assessed, pomological characteristics of varieties are described using modern methods.