Referentni vrednosti krvnih parametara kod mlečnih krava

More than a century ago, research into metabolic diseases in cows began. The production of metabolic profiles as a scientifically verified procedure began in the 1970s. Since then, there are a number of laboratory indicators used to evaluate the health status of cows. Hematologic parameters are used to evaluate inflammatory response (differential white lineage) and anemia (erythrocyte parameters) or blood coagulation (platelets) and are significant indicators in the interpretation of various diseases. Glucose, NEFA and BHB concentrations are determined for energy balance assessment. Protein concentration, hepatic enzymes and bilirubin, as well as cholesterol and triglycerides, are determined to assess liver functional status, which contribute to the development of fatty liver as a common metabolic problem. The determination of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus is paramount in determining the mineral status. In addition to cows, the concentration of insulin, cortisol, thyroid hormones, IGF-I, progesterone, etc., is regulated for research and practical purposes, which regulate the overall metabolism. In dairy cows, there are numerous factors that influence the value of metabolic parameters. Within the framework of various research tasks, the authors of this paper have performed metabolic profiles and / or blood counts of over 3500 cows over the past ten years. In order to correctly interpret the metabolic profile of cows in theLaboratory for pathophysiology (Department of Veterinary medicine Novi Sad), we have drawn up reference value for the cow population whose parameters were determined in our laboratory. The experiment included 260 Holstein-Friesian cows in different lactation periods. The reference values in large percentage correspond to the reference values from different literature sources. Due to the known influence of lactation, reference values should be presented in the further studies as a function of the lactation period, so that healthy cows in early lactation represent a special reference group of animals.