Characterization of quinoa-wheat flour blend for the preparation of dry cake
2023
AKHLAQ,Muhammad | FAROOQ,Muhammad Umer | ALI,Shinawar Waseem | AMIR,Mamoona | SIDDIQUE,Farzana | JAVED,Muhammad Arshad | AFZAL,Muhammad Inam | UMER,Muhammad | MUJTABA,Ahmed | IQBAL,Munawar | AHMAD,Mateen | AWAIS,Muhammad | MURTAZA,Ayesha | IMRAN,Muhammad | RIAZ,Muhammad | AHMED,Aftab | AMIR,Rai Muhammad | MUNIR,Muhammad Mubasher
Abstract The current study aimed at the quinoa-wheat composite flour's characterization (including total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity) as well as its effect on dry cake sensory quality. Findings revealed a rise in ash content, fat, protein, and crude fiber of composite-flour (0.56-1.23%, 1.13-1.76%, 10.14-11.02%, and 0.23-1.04%, respectively) with an increase of quinoa flour (5-20%). The addition of quinoa flour to the composite flour enhanced cake texture (0.26-.70 kg), but it also decreased L-value of cake crumb (55.29-50.73). Total flavonoids (56.44-59.48 mg QE/100 g) and antioxidant activity (4.66-9.76%) increased as quinoa flour was increased, whereas total phenolics (8.68-5.46 mgGAE/g) decreased. By mixing wheat flour with quinoa flour, the nutritional value of wheat flour was increased. During sensory evaluation, the cake made from composite-flour containing 10% quinoa-flour scored the highest overall acceptability. Sensory quality of last two treatments, which included 15% and 20% quinoa flour, was lower. Quinoa seeds had a better nutritional profile than wheat, with higher levels of amino acids, minerals, dietary fibers, and oil. Since wheat is a staple food in Pakistan, adding quinoa-flour would help to reduce malnutrition in Pakistan. Furthermore, no previous research on the suitability of quinoa-wheat flour for dry cake has been conducted on Pakistani wheat flour.
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