Research on the possibility of integrating a series of control measures of the main cryptogamic diseases in sunflower
1985
Iliescu, H. | Sin, G. | Pirvu, N. | Csep, N. | Toncea, I. | Craiciu, M. (Institutul de cercetari pentru cereale siplante tehnice, Fundulea (Romania))
The study contains the results of the experiments performed during 1982-1983 at Fundulea Research Institute and the Oradea Research Station. The analysis of the reaction to natural infections with Phomopsis helianthi and Altenaria spp., reveals the good behaviour of the registered hybrids Fundulea 59, Felix, Select and Super and of the prospective HS-134 and HS-131. The high nitrogen and phosphorus basal dressing, the presence of potassium fertilizers produces a considerable reduction of the attack of foliar diseases (Alternaria spp.) or of those causing clubroot or stem rotting (Sclerotinia baraticola, Phomopsis helianthi). A crop density of 40-50 thousand plants per ha is less favourable to the evolution of the attack of different pathogens, while with densities of 60-70 thousand plants/ha, under the same conditions of natural infection the attack was much more severe. The preflowering application of two chemical treatments led to yields that justify entirely the application of the treatments. It is very important to apply the first treatment during the 6-8 leaf pairs stage, which coincides with the stage when the host plant reaches the highest susceptibility and when Phomopsis pycnospores are in the air. The products, decomposing in Carbendazin, are effective in the prevention of the Phomopsis attack. The integration of a series of cultivation methods (sowing time, plant density, tolerant hybrids) with the application of chemical treatments, determines a high level of the potential productivity of crops.
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