The spectrum of action of insecticides and acaricides mainly includes the knock-down, the repellent, the flushing-out, and the killing effect
1988
Hoffmann, G. (Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene)
The killing effect may be specific to stages (adulticidal, larvicidal, pupicidal and ovicidal effect). A distinction has to be made between the spectrum of action and the mode of incorporation of biocides by arthropods. This incorporation is possible by contact, respiration or food intake. A systemic effect may be obtained by these three modes of poison incorporation as well as by injection. All or individual components of the spectrum of action are present and developed differently depending on the active agent. The intensity and duration of their effect also depends on the kind of formulation. This means that the kind and the quantitative ratio of the other active agents to each other as well as used contribute to form the spectrum of action direct and indirect antagonistic effects between active agents or active agents and synergists are not infrequent. Other factors limiting certain components of action on the target surfaces are of a climatic nature. In the case of therapeutics, these factors include the moisture content and the temperature in the fur of hair and, in many cases, also the light intensity and the effect of measure of care. Temperature, air humidity, ventilation, light, oxygen supply, and conditions of adsorption and pH value on the surfaces will determine the effects of pest control products. A wrong combination of substances in a formulation, the application of a product on unsuitable sites or the choice of an incorrect technique or method of application may thus lead to a reduction or masking of the effect of individual components of the spectrum of action
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