Typology of the Czech rural areas
1998
Perlin, R. (Karlova Univ., Prague (Czech Republic). Prirodovedecka Fakulta)
Two principles influencing the changes of the number of municipalities are explained in the paper. First, it is the natural process of reduction of the number of inhabitants in rural settlements, which took place in the Czech Republic between 1950 and 1980 as the last phase of urbanization. Second, it is the process of the unsuitable application of the central system, which, instead of proclaiming the hierarchical structure of settlement, led to the actual loss of the social and economical activities in the smallest settlement units. Between 1950 and 1990 the number of municipalities decreased from the original 11,500 to 4,000 municipalities and after 1990 it again increased to 6,200 municipalities. The greatest changes in the number of the municipalities took place mainly in the category of the smallest municipalities up to 199 inhabitants and in the category of the municipalities with 200-499 inhabitants. The number of settlement units had not changed in the long-term, but there was a transfer of population from the smallest to larger settlements. At present 16 of population live in the settlements up to 499 inhabitants and 32 % of population live in all rural settlements up to 1999 inhabitants. The second part of this paper is focused on the typology of rural space and the search of disparities among particular rural regions.
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