Pesticidal properties of selected plant extracts and their formulations
1993
Wilson, A.B. (West Indies Univ., Mona (Jamaica). Dept. of Zoology)
Aqueous extracts of kernels of Azadirachta indica (Juss) and leaves of Artocarpus altilis (Park.) and Blighia sapida (Konig.) were 36.5- to 205- fold less toxic than ethanol extracts (CE), to Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summer) and only 1.3 to 1.8 times less effective against Boophilus microplus (Canestrinii). A. altilis, Az. indica and B. sapida extracts repelled the parasite, O. sokolowskii while E. divaricata extract attracted it. CEs of A. altilis, Az. indica, B. sapida and E. divaricata were greatly synergised by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and mineral oil (MO). Gal-spray surfactant (GSS) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) had moderate synergistic effects. When mixed with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and kept at 6 deg. C. CE of Az. indica retained activity for up to 18 weeks, followed by those of A. altilis (0.87) and B. sapida (0.57). In field trials, Az. indica (neem) and A. altilis extracts with or without PBO and Bacillus thuringensis (BT) formulations, sprayed every three or seven days provided excellent control of P. xylostella. CEs of B. sapida and E. divaricata also provided some control for the pest. Population of B. microplus decreased significantly on cattle treated with CE of Az. indica. Dog ticks and mange were also controlled by the CEs of Az. indica and A. altilis.
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