Bioactive compounds in different varieties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
2018
San Juan, H.O.S.
Bitter gourd has been considered as an economically important plant having potential beneficial effect due to the substantial amount of secondary metabolites associated with its medicinal properties. The difference is the biosynthesis among the varieties effects the production of these bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to determine the total content, antioxidant activity, vitamin A, vitamin C, and Betha-sitosterol glucoside of 43 different varieties of bitter gourd. Fruits with warty surface exhibited high total phenol content. On the other hand, green to dark green samples showed high antioxidant activity and vitamins A and C. Betha-sitosterol glocoside (BSG) was found highest in dark green small fruits. Specifically, the highest antioxidant activity was found in light-green small smooth (LGLS)-13 (85.38+-1.26%) and lowest in light-green long warty (LGLW)-28 (58.78+-2.91%). Highest total phenol content was obtained from light-green long warty (LGLW)-34 (19.57+-0.25mg/g) and lowest in dark-green long smooth (DGLS)-10 (7.63+-0.38mg/g). Vitamins C and A were found highest in dark green long wart (DGLW)-5 (102.53+-5.70mg/100g) and dark-green small warty (DGSW)-32 (527.28+-13.13 IU), respectively, and lowest in light-green long warty (LGLW)-25 (87.52+-9.49mg/100g) and LGLW-8 (441.54+-9.44 IU), respectively. BSG content was found highest in dark-green small smooth (DGSS)-18 (3.37+-1.21mg/100g) and lowest in LGLW-25 (1.94+-2.25mg/100g). This study concluded that different varieties of bitter gourd have substantial amounts of phenol compounds, antioxidants, vitamins A and C, and Betha-sitosterol glucoside.
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