Comparative Anatomical, Histological, and Electron Microscopical Studies on the Cervical Region of the Esophagus in Some Birds with Different Diet Habits

Hewa Mohammad  Ali; Khabat Anwar  Ali; Ameer Mahmoud  Taha

Comparative Anatomical, Histological, and Electron Microscopical Studies on the Cervical Region of the Esophagus in Some Birds with Different Diet Habits

2023

Hewa Mohammad Ali | Khabat Anwar Ali | Ameer Mahmoud Taha

The esophagus in bird is thin and distensible tube that extends from oropharynx to the stomach, it is divided anatomically into three sections: anterior (cervical), middle (crop) and posterior (thoracic) regions. The present work aimed to study the morphological, morphometrical, histological and scanning of the cervical region of the esophagus in three different birds (kestrel, hoopoe, rock pigeon). The current study used samples from different three species, the birds scarified, and the esophagus were dissected. The cervical part of the esophagus was analyzed grossly and by using the light and scanning electron microscope. The cervical part of the esophagus in rock pigeon is longer than the kestrel and hoopoe and its width in the kestrel is narrower than the hoopoe and rock pigeon. In lamina propria of kestrel and hoopoe had numerous mucous glands, which are rounded, branched tubular glands surrounded by a fibrous capsule. These glands open into the esophageal lumen through ducts passing within the lining epithelium. However, the lamina propria of the cervical part of the esophagus in rock pigeon was lacking the glands. The obtained results demonstrated that the type of food consumed, is greatly affect the anatomical and the histological structure of the esophagus.

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