Wheat Drilling Directly in Combine Harvested Paddy Fields: a Comparative Input-Output Energy Analysis
2022
Sharma, A. | Brar, A.S.
PURPOSE: Agriculture’s usage of energy is inextricably connected to technological advancement and mechanization. In this study, the energy analysis of the M1, M2, and M3 wheat-growing methods in combine harvested paddy fields was computed. METHOD: In M1, farmer’s practice (sowing of wheat after burning of paddy straw) was followed but in M2 and M3, a resource conservation technology (sowing of wheat with the Happy Seeder machine without burning of paddy straw) was used for direct drilling of wheat. RESULTS: The results indicate that M1 had maximum input energy consumption and output energy (23,862.63 and 123,182 MJ ha−1) than M2 and M3, whereas net energy gain was maximum in M3. The share of chemical and diesel energy was maximum in all the methods. The share of direct and non-renewable energy input sources was more than indirect and renewable energy input sources. Estimation of greenhouse gas emission was maximum in M1 followed by M2 and M3 and was mostly dependent on diesel fuel having the highest share among all inputs. The maximum energy use efficiency, energy efficiency ratio, energy productivity, and energy intensiveness, and minimum specific energy were in M3 followed by M2 and M1, which showed that M3 was the most efficient and clean method. CONCLUSION: The conducted study is helpful for researchers/policymakers in framing and developing new agriculture policies and technologies on an energy consumption basis and also provide a feasible alternative to avoid paddy straw burning, declining the environmental pollution.
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