The effect of different dietary ratios of lysine, arginine and methionine on protein nitration and oxidation reactions in turkey tissues and DNA

An assumption was made in the study that the optimal inclusion levels and ratios of lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) in diets with Lys content consistent with National Research Council (NRC) recommendations (1994) contribute to stimulate the antioxidant defense system and prevent disorders resulting from the oxidation and nitration of biologically important molecules. The experiment was carried out on 864 one-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys divided into six experimental groups (8 replicates per group and 18 birds per replicate) receiving different levels of Arg and Met. Chickens from group Arg₉₀Met₃₀ received 90% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys; Arg₉₀Met₄₅ – 90% Arg and 45% Met relative to Lys; Arg₁₀₀Met₃₀ – 100% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys; Arg₁₀₀Met₄₅ – 100% Arg and 45% Met relative to Lys; Arg₁₁₀Met₃₀ – 110% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys and Arg₁₁₀Met₄₅ – 110% Arg level and 45% Met level relative to the content of dietary Lys. In comparison with turkeys fed diets with moderate Arg content (100% of Lys content), a decrease in dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) led to a decrease in plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) concentration (163.6 vs. 141.0), whereas an increase in dietary Arg level (110% of Lys content) led to an increase in plasma 3-NT concentration (163.6 vs. 202.6). In comparison with turkeys fed diets with moderate Arg content (100% of Lys content), the lowest dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the intestinal wall (19.68 vs. 17.41) and in the liver (11.51 vs. 7.94), increased SOD activity in the blood (507.6 vs. 961.4) and in breast muscles (6.26 vs. 7.43) and increased the concentration of malondiadehyde in breast muscles (1.10 vs. 1.50). An increase in dietary Met content from 30 to 45% of Lys content caused a decrease in plasma protein carbonyl concentration (4.33 vs. 3.8) and catalase activity in breast muscles (54.70 vs. 49.66), and an increase in SOD activity in the liver (8.90 vs. 10.41). The highest dietary Arg level (110% of Lys content) did not induce the oxidation of lipids, proteins or DNA, but it increased the risk of protein nitration. The lowest dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) deteriorated the antioxidant status of turkeys. Regardless of dietary Arg levels, an increase in Met content from 30 to 45% of Lys content stimulated the antioxidant defense system of turkeys.