Characterization and source apportionment of particle number concentration at a semi-urban tropical environment
2015
Khan, Md Firoz | Latif, Mohd Talib | Amil, Norhaniza | Juneng, Liew | Mohamad, Noorlin | Nadzir, Mohd Shahrul Mohd | Hoque, Hossain Mohammed Syedul
Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation have been used to study the variability of particle mass and particle number concentrations (PNC) in a tropical semi-urban environment. PNC and mass concentration (diameter in the range of 0.25–>32.0 μm) have been measured from 1 February to 26 February 2013 using an in situ Grimm aerosol sampler. We found that the 24-h average total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM₁₀), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM₂.₅) and particulate matter ≤1 μm (PM₁) were 14.37 ± 4.43, 14.11 ± 4.39, 12.53 ± 4.13 and 10.53 ± 3.98 μg m⁻³, respectively. PNC in the accumulation mode (<500 nm) was the most abundant (at about 99 %). Five principal components (PCs) resulted from the PCA analysis where PC1 (43.8 % variance) predominates with PNC in the fine and sub-microme tre range. PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5 explain 16.5, 12.4, 6.0 and 5.6 % of the variance to address the coarse, coarser, accumulation and giant fraction of PNC, respectively. Our particle distribution results show good agreement with the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) distribution.
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