Integrating management of powdery mildew with Botrytis in protected strawberries in the UK

Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, is an important disease of strawberries under protection. Botrytis fruit rot is an important cause of losses in strawberries particularly under open-field conditions. Current control of both these diseases in the UK is dependent on conventional fungicides. Recently, research in the UK demonstrated that integrating biopesticides and biostimulants with a decision-based management programme could achieve reductions in conventional fungicide use without loss in yield or fruit quality. Further field studies were conducted to extend the decision-based management programme to include control of Botrytis fruit rot on everbearer crops. In 2018, three management programmes were compared to a routine fungicide-based programme and an untreated control. In two management programmes, treatments for Botrytis and powdery mildew were either applied routinely or managed. In the third programme, treatments for both diseases were managed. Disease risks were estimated with a simple lookup table based on past and forecast weather. The results showed that the integrated management for both diseases resulted in a nearly 45% reduction in conventional fungicide use and a cost saving of £699/ha compared to a routine programme with no penalties in yield, fruit quality or disease control. There were no significant effects of treatments on Botrytis rot incidence compared to the untreated control, suggesting that the fungicides applied for controlling Botrytis gave no benefit. In 2019, two treatments based on the decision-based management system for powdery mildew and Botrytis, one of which excluded specific fungicide treatment for Botrytis, were compared to an untreated control and a routine fungicide programme. Cool chain management of the fruit post-harvest was also included to extend post-harvest fruit shelf life. The results showed that the simple decision-based system for determining treatments for mildew and Botrytis based on biopesticides and omitting Botrytis-specific fungicides resulted in a 93% reduction in fungicide use and a cost saving of £924/ha compared to a routine programme with no penalties in yield, fruit quality or disease control. Cool chain management delayed the development of both Botrytis and soft rots. In both years, detectable fungicide residues were considerably reduced in the fruit from the managed programmes.