CD4⁺ T cell response against a non-tumor antigen is unaffected in melanoma-bearing mice

The tumor microenvironment is complex and creates an immunosuppressive network to tolerize tumor-specific immune responses; however, little information is available regarding the response against non-tumor antigens in tumor-bearing individuals. The goal of the present study was to evaluate if tumor burden could influence a CD4⁺ T cell response against a soluble protein, not expressed by the tumor, in the absence of in vitro stimulation. Using an experimental system in which we can compare CD4⁺ T cell responses to the Ea antigen when it is either expressed by B16F10 melanoma cells (B16EaRFP cells) or is an exogenous, non-tumor antigen (soluble EaRFP protein), in immunizations of B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, we observed that the tumor can modulate the CD4⁺ T cell-specific response to the antigen when it is expressed by the tumor cells. TEa cells proliferated poorly and produced less IFN-γ in mice bearing B16F10 melanoma expressing Ea peptide, and tumor growth was impervious to this response. However, in mice bearing 7 days B16F10 tumors, not expressing the Ea antigen, priming of TEa cells was similar to that observed in tumor-free mice, based on the total number of cells recovered and proliferation assessed by CFSE dilution after EaRFP immunization. We also investigated if tumor burden could influence recall responses of already differentiated effector cells. We immunized mice with EaRFP antigen and after a few days injected B16F10 cells. After 10 days of tumor growth, we challenged the mice with the non-tumor antigen. We found that the number of TEa cells producing IFN-γ in tumor-bearing mice was not different compared to tumor-free mice. No differences in antigen presentation, assessed by YAe antibody staining, were verified in the draining lymph node of these two groups. Collectively, our data indicate that tumor burden does not affect immune responses to non-tumor antigens. These results have important implications in the design of anti-cancer therapy.