Immobilized fungal consortium‐GR: a novel textile effluent treatment alternative for removal of azo dyes and other pollutants
2021
Sen, Sudip Kumar | Das, Jagan Kumar | Rajhans, Geetanjali | Barik, Adyasa | Raut, Sangeeta
BACKGROUND: Cleaning up the environment by the elimination of harmful contaminants from textile effluents (TE) is a critical and challenging crisis that requires long‐term appropriate solutions. In this work, a fungal consortium‐GR containing two fungi Geotrichum candidum F4 and Rhodotorula glutinis F7, in the ratio 1:1, is demonstrated to treat the organic contaminants in TEs. RESULTS: The immobilized consortium‐GR in coconut fibre is 24% more efficient at treating TE than free consortium‐GR, showing a maximum decolorization of 88.4% in 6 h immersion, at optimal conditions of pH 5.5, temperature 35 °C, inoculum size 5% and fibre quantity 2.5 g L⁻¹. Biodegradation was confirmed by using UV–visible spectrophotometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the degradation pathway of methyl orange was confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy study. The novel immobilized consortium‐GR in the bioreactor was assessed by the reduction of toxic parameters in 6 h: colour by 70%, total dissolved solids by 62%, total suspended solids by 81%, biological oxygen demand by 51%, chemical oxygen demand by 58%, chloride by 78%, ammonia by 64%, sulfate by 55%, lead by 12.5% and chromium by 75%. During this process of bioconversion, maximum laccase activity of 3.25 U L⁻¹ was observed in 6 h by immobilized consortium‐GR. Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies revealed the detoxification of TE. CONCLUSION: Through the continuous reuse of treated water in subsequent dyeings, the proposed TE treatment process represented a 92.86% reduction in water use and a total cost reduction of 22.47%.This study is a step towards upcoming onsite, field and short‐term applications of consortium‐GR for the management of TE. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
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