Green synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles using Costus woodsonii flowers extract for effective removal of malachite green dye
2022
Tran, Thuan Van | Nguyen, Duyen Thi Cam | Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil | Din, Azam Taufik Mohd | Qazaq, Amjad Saleh | N. Vo, Dai-Viet
The pollution of organic dyes such as malachite green is one of the globally critical issues, calling for efficient mitigation methods. Herein, we developed green Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles synthesized using natural compounds extracted from Costus woodsonii flowers under an ultrasound-assisted mode. The materials were characterized using several physicochemical techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and N₂ adsorption desorption isotherm measurement. The X-ray diffraction and N₂ isotherm plots confirmed the presence of tetragonal γ-Mn₃O₄ phase and mesoporous structure, respectively. Carbonyl groups derived from flavonoids or carboxylic compounds were found in the surface of green Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles. The effect of pH, contact time, dose, and concentration on the adsorption of malachite green over green Mn₃O₄ was carried out. The maximum malachite green adsorption capacity for green Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles was 101–162 mg g⁻¹. Moreover, kinetic and isotherm adsorption of malachite green obeyed Langmuir (Rₐdⱼ.² = 0.980–0.995) and pseudo first-order models (Rₐdⱼ.² = 0.996–1.00), respectively. Adsorption of malachite green over green Mn₃O₄ was a thermodynamically spontaneous process due to negative Gibbs free energy values (ΔGο < 0). Green Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles offered a high stability through the FR-IR spectra analysis. With a good recyclability of 4 cycles, green Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles can be used as potential adsorbent for removing malachite green dye from water.
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