The influence of ringing on bud development and flowering in Satsuma mandarin
1990
Iwahori, S. | Garcia, Luis A. | Santamarina, P. | Monerri, C. | Guardiola, J.L.
Ringing of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) trees showed increased flowering in the following spring when performed during September and October, but not during November. Most of the effect on flowering was due to an enhancement of both bud sprouting and the number of flowering shoots formed per node. In addition, a direct effect of ringing on flower initiation was demonstrated, since the number of vegetative shoots was reduced. The response of the buds to ringing was rapid as demonstrated by changes in bud weight, protein content, and electrophoretic pattern and behaviour when cultured in vitro. Buds from ringed trees readily flowered in vitro when forced during the winter rest period and flower formation was enhanced by the addition of cytokinin. Buds from control trees formed a smaller number of flowers in vitro, and flowering was much less enhanced by the addition of cytokinin. It is concluded that ringing accelerates flower initiation in the buds and this effect takes place before the winter rest period.
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