Dormancy development during cold hardening of in vitro cultured Malus domestica Borkh. plants in relation to their frost resistance and cryotolerance
2012
Bilavčík, Alois | Zámečník, Jiří | Grospietsch, Martin | Faltus, Miloš | Jadrná, Petra
The development of dormancy, frost resistance and cryotolerance of in vitro apple plants (Malus domestica Borkh.), cv. Greensleeves during their exposure to cold hardening was studied. In vitro cultures were cold hardened at 4°C under a short photoperiod up to 25 weeks. The dormancy status, non-structural saccharides, proline, water content and frost resistance were evaluated for optimization of cryopreservation. According to regrowth tests, in vitro cultures exhibited endogenous dormancy after the maximal frost resistance was reached. The highest regeneration ability of shoot tips after cryopreservation by encapsulation–dehydration method coincided with the period of the plant’s dormant state and maximum of frost resistance. All studied saccharides and proline exhibited the maximal values at the beginning of cold hardening and/or the dormancy phase. Contrary to the accumulation of saccharides and proline, water content showed the inverse time behaviour. According to these results, the cold hardening-induced endodormancy, high frost resistance and accumulation of saccharides and proline are the important prerequisites for the successful cryopreservation of shoot tips of in vitro grown apple plants.
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