Influence of exchangeable calcium on phosphate retention by weakly acid soils
1987
Smillie, G.W. | Curtin, D. | Syers, J.K.
The extractability of P from two weakly acid soils that had been amended with three forms of P [KH2PO4, single superphosphate (SSP), and Chatham Rise phosphorite (CRP)] was investigated in an incubation study under field conditions. In a sequential extraction sequence with water, P release from soils incubated for 9 and 27 weeks with KH2PO4 and SSP declined with increasing extraction number. In contrast, P extracted from CRP-treated soils increased, indicating a slow dissolution of phosphate rock. Washing with 0.1 M NaCl to remove exchangeable Ca resulted in a large increase in P extracted subsequently with water, regardless of whether sorbed P (as in KH2PO4- and SSP-treated soils) or particulate Ca phosphate (as when CRP was added) was the source of the extracted P. A high proportion (up to 80%) of the added P could be recovered by water extraction when exchangeable Ca was replaced by Na. Significantly, P recovery did not decrease with time of contact between soil and P as it did before exchangeable Ca was replaced with Na. The removal of exchangeable Ca accelerates the dissolution of Ca phosphates by creating a sink for Ca. The results obtained suggest that sorbed P may enter into chemical association with Ca, possibly at metal oxide surfaces, and that this interaction with Ca constitutes an important P retention mechanism in acid soils that contain adequate exchangeable Ca.
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