Study of the variability of rutin, vitexin, hyperoside, quercetin in “Crataegi folium cum flore” of hawthorn (Crataegus L.) species from Russian flora
2019
Sagaradze, Valentina A. | Babaeva, Elena Yu | Ufimov, Roman A. | Trusov, Nikolai A. | Kalenikova, Elena I.
The genus Crataegus L. involving several hundred species is distributed throughout the temperate zne of the nothern hemisphere. Nevertheless, only a few species are included in Pharmacopoeias and used for medical purpose. As hawthorn plants usually grow in small groups, the harvesting of raw material is complicated. The search of species suitable for further inclusion in Pharmacopoeia may facilitate this task. Thus, a comparative analysis of the flavonoid content in herbal raw material ("folium cum flore") from Crataegus species growing in Russia was performed. We compared section Crataegus (7 species) widely distributed in Europe, South-Western and Central Asia and often used for medical purpose with section Sanguineae(8 species) growing in the Asian region of the Russian Federation. Total flavonoid (expressed as hyperoside) yields of the 15 Crataegus spp. investigated by UV–vis spectrophotometry ranged from 12.1 ± 1.1 (C. maximowiczii) to 22.1 ± 0.9 mg/g (C. ambigua), average – 16.5 mg/g. Assays for rutin, vitexin, hyperoside and quercetin were performed using the HPLC-UV method. Hyperoside was the predominant compound in all species except C. nigra and ranged from 1.55 (C. nigra) to 12.59 mg/g (C. monogyna), median – 4.47 mg/g. Rutin ranged from 0.35 to 5.37 mg/g, median 1.17 mg/g. Vitexin – from 0.52 to 3.90 mg/g, median 1.67 mg/g. Quercetin ranged from 0.072 to 0.945 mg/g, while the average value was tenfold lower than that in other flavonoids – 0.144 mg/g. Hyperoside, rutin and quercetin content in plant material demonstrated no significant difference between sections Sanguineae and Crataegus, while the content of vitexin was higher in sect. Sanguineae. Thus, the resource base of Crataegus species might be expanded for "folium cum flore" raw material harvesting.
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