Characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes for resistance to abiotic environmental stress factors

The optimal variety choice for each specific region is one of the main factors influencing the productivity increase and improving the quality of the table and seed potato. It is necessary to cultivate varieties that combine the maximum adaptability to abiotic environmental factors and high field resistance or immunity to various phytopathogens. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify varieties and hybrid material of potatoes of various genetic and geographical origin with high resistance to high air temperatures and insufficient moisture. The research was conducted during April and May 2021 at the laboratory of biotechnology of agricultural plants of the Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N. M. Tulaykov - branch of the SamSC RAS, Bezenchuk vil., Russia. The maximum average productivity was characterized by medium-early varieties Krasa Meschery (32.3 t/ha), Debut (27.8 t/ha) and Sudarynya (26.2 t/ha) and medium-ripe varieties Utro (29.4 t/ha), Siversky (32.2 t/ha) and Alaska (31.0 t/ha). It is shown that in conditions of arid climate, medium-early and medium-ripe potato varieties with genotypes of intensive and neutral type have an advantage in yield over varieties of other varieties. The interrelation of morphological features of the aboveground part of the potato plant with the yield of tubers is established. It is shown that in conditions of high air temperature and insufficient humidification, varieties with a high rate of green mass growth in the period from 50 to 60 days from planting and with a high number of stems per plant can have an advantage. he obtained results can be used in breeding work for heat resistance and drought resistance for a quick preliminary assessment of a significant amount of hybrid potato material at the initial stages of the breeding process, as well as one of the stages of a comprehensive study of new varieties.