Winter Wheat Production as Influenced by Fallow Method, Seeding Method, and Nitrogen Fertilization
1987
Tanaka, D. L. | Aase, J. K.
Use of conservation tillage practices for erosion control retains more crop residue on the soil surface and alters plant environments. The objectives of a study conducted on a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) were to determine the effects of fallow method, seeding method, and N rates on winter survival and production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Factorial treatment combinations of fallow method (stubble mulch, reduced tillage, and chemical fallow) and seeding method (deep-furrow and double-disk) were whole plots, with N rates (0, 34, and 68 kg/ha) as subplots. Winter survival as determined from stand counts taken in late October and again in April was 100% for each year and treatment except in 1984 when deep-furrow seeded wheat had a 13% reduction in stand. Winter soil temperatures at 30-mm depth in deep-furrow seeded plots were 1 to 3°C higher than in double-disk seeded plots. Snow insulating effects were achieved with fallow methods that left residue erect, resulting in good winter survival on double-disk seeded plots. Reduced tillage and chemical fallow reduced grain yields in 1981 but had no influence in the other years. Double-disk seeded wheat yielded 200 to 400 kg/ha more grain than deep-furrow seeded wheat. Grain N concentration was 0.9 to 1.8 g/kg less in double-disk seeded wheat than in deep-furrow seeded wheat. These data support use of conservation tillage methods to maintain crop productivity and to reduce soil erosion.
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