Understanding mechanisms of recharge through fractured sandstone using high-frequency water-level-response data | Compréhension des mécanismes de recharge à travers les grès fracturés en utilisant des données de niveau d’eau à haute fréquence Conocimiento de los mecanismos de recarga a través de areniscas fracturadas mediante datos de alta frecuencia de respuesta al nivel del agua 利用高频水位响应数据了解裂缝砂岩补给机制 Entendendo os mecanismos de recarga através de arenito fraturado usando dados de resposta do nível da água de alta frequência
2022
Manna, F. | Kennel, J. | Parker, B. L.
High-frequency time series analysis and cross-correlation identified the relationship between precipitation and water-level responses at 16 sandstone wells in southern California, USA. The time series analysis suggested that the water table rises only when a threshold value of precipitation is reached during the rainy season that likely represents the water content deficit from the previous 7-month dry season being replenished before generating a water-table response. The cross-correlation indicates two statistically significant lag-times: 0–3 and 20–50 days. Confidence in these results was augmented by unprecedented and exceptionally high-resolution sampling frequency. Water pressure readings were collected every second and then analyzed to identify and remove the effects of barometric pressure changes, Earth tides and earthquakes on water levels. These effects are usually considered “noise” in recharge studies, but their accurate quantification helped assess the unconfined nature of the wells, minimize uncertainties of the results, and isolate the groundwater responses to precipitation. Diffusivity values for the thick unsaturated zone, based on the time lags, suggest quick responses are related to flow through fractures and longer time lags are associated with piston-type movement in the matrix. Fast responses were more likely for shallow water tables in response to high-intensity precipitation events and vice versa. These findings are consistent with those found, using lower resolution data, for the Chalk aquifer in England (UK), despite the contrasting fracture and matrix properties, hydrogeological setting and climatic conditions. Thus, the same style of response to precipitation is expected globally where similar fractured porous media are present.
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