Determination of some heavy metals in honey from different regions of Ethiopia
2020
Adugna, Esubalew | Hymete, Ariaya | Birhanu, Gebremariam | Ashenef, Ayenew | Yildiz, Fatih
Honey is an important bee product of greater nutritional value. Ethiopia is one of the main producers of it. Honey is known to accumulate trace metals which are essential as well as toxic. Moreover, as bees collect nectar from flora of nearly in an area of around 100 km radius, the level of toxic metals in honey is an important indicator for environmental pollution by toxic metals. Thus, in this study, the qualities of 12 Ethiopian multi-floral honey samples were evaluated in terms of common physicochemical parameters, namely, moisture content, pᴴ, free acidity, lactonic acidity, and total acidity. The values found were moisture content from 14.23 to19.2 %; pᴴ from 3.4 to 4.8; free acidity from 30.6 to 97.6 meq Kg⁻¹; lactonic acidity from 8.06 to 14.4 meqKg⁻¹, and Total acidity from 42.96 up to 107.4 meqKg⁻¹. The analyzed samples showed proper maturity, absence of undesirable fermentation, and were in agreement with standard values (Codex Alimentarius) and reported literatures. The concentrations of trace heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in 12 multi-floral honey samples were also evaluated using flame absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. The accuracy of the method was assessed by spiking honey samples with known amounts of standard metals and examining recovery. The contents of trace metals in honey samples were found to be in the range of Non-Detectable (ND)-0.017 μgg⁻¹, ND-0.15 μgg⁻¹, 0.02–1.15 μgg⁻¹, ND-7.29 μgg⁻¹, ND, ND-2.53 μgg⁻¹and 9.96–16.03 μgg⁻¹for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Results obtained are in agreement with a report in the literatures and with codex limits and thus they did not pose as such any health risk.
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