Field-Based Distribution and Bioaccumulation Factors for Cyclic and Aliphatic Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in an Urban Sedentary Waterbird Population
2022
Szabo, Drew | Moodie, Damien | Green, Mark P. | Mulder, Raoul A. | Clarke, Bradley O.
The field-based distribution and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were determined in residential Black Swans (Cygnus atratus) from an urban lake (Melbourne, Australia). The concentrations of 46 aliphatic and cyclic PFASs were determined by HPLC-MS/MS in serum and excrement from swans, and water, sediment, aquatic macrophytes, soil, and grass samples in and around the lake. Elevated concentrations of ∑₄₆PFASs were detected in serum (120 ng mL–¹) and excrement (110 ng g–¹ dw) were strongly related indicating a potential noninvasive sampling methodology. Environmental concentrations of PFASs were consistent with a highly impacted ecosystem and notably high concentrations of perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS, 67584–42–3; C₈HF₁₅SO₃) were detected in water (27 ng L–¹) and swan serum (16 ng mL–¹). In the absence of credible putative alternative sources of PFECHS input to the lake, we propose that the use of high-performance motorsport vehicles is a likely source of contamination to this ecosystem. The BAF of perfluorocarboxylic acids increased with each additional CF₂ moiety from PFOA (15.7 L kg–¹ ww) to PFDoDA (3615 L kg–¹ ww). The BAF of PFECHS was estimated as 593 L kg–¹ ww, which is lower compared with that of PFOS (1097 L kg–¹ ww).
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